Car stereo wiring diagram

Last UpdatedMarch 5, 2024

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Secure the Connections: Once all the connections are made, ensure Jul 21, 2022 · Here is a wiring diagram for a single-din Kenwood head unit with a 16-pin harness: Wiring harness color code for the above wiring diagram: Yellow- It is hooked to the battery. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel 1996 Lincoln Town Car Stereo Wiring Diagram. The wiring harness connects the car’s electrical system to the stereo, providing power and audio signals. Stereo Wiring Diagrams. Sample Car Audio And Security Wiring Color Codes. Illumination wire, provides 0 volts when lights are off and 12 volts when the vehicle exterior lights are on. Oct 23, 2023 · The first step to installing a new car stereo is connecting the stereo's wiring harness to the adapter that will plug into your car. 1997 Acura CL. Identify the power source by tracing the wires leading from the battery. Whether you're upgrading your existing stereo or installing a new one, our wiring diagrams will ensure a seamless and professional installation. It is crucial to refer to a reliable wiring diagram or consult the vehicle’s manual for exact wire Feb 8, 2023 · Car Audio Wiring Diagram Free For Android Steprimo Com. 10. Yellow and Black – External Mute. Black (ground) – to vehicle (metal) body. 2. This 2012 Mazda 2 speaker wiring chart shows you every speaker wire color and the speaker wire location. Podofo car stereo wiring diagram is a guide that provides detailed information on how to connect various components of a car stereo system. Utilize this guide to help you with a car radio install or help with a car radio troubleshoot. However, wiring the AVH 120BT shouldn’t be an uphill task, provided that you take your time to understand the connections. 1999 Toyota Solara Stereo Wiring Diagram. Identify the diagram symbols. Once done, double-check the wiring to ensure accuracy. This article will explore the importance of JVC car stereo wiring diagrams and color codes and provide some valuable tips for using them effectively. It typically includes details on the power connections, speaker connections, as well as other necessary connections, such as those for amplifiers and additional audio devices. This 2007 Jeep Compass radio wiring chart shows you all the 2007 Jeep Compass radio wire colors and their functions. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the bottom of A car stereo wiring diagram is a visual representation of the electrical connections and wire color codes for a Podofo car stereo. Ensure that the power, speaker, antenna, and input/output connections are correctly established. Usually the colors will be the same except one will have a stripe on the insulation which usually goes to the Negative Terminal. Acura Stereo Wiring Diagrams. The car radio wiring harness diagram typically consists of various color-coded wires, each representing a different function. Orange/White – Reverse. It shows you how to connect the different wires from the harness to the corresponding wires on your stereo unit. The right-front speaker wires are gray, left-front speakers are white, right-rear speakers are purple, and left-rear speakers are green. FRONT - Left / Right. These diagrams provide detailed information about the electrical connections in your vehicle, ensuring that the installation process goes smoothly and that the radio What do the colors on your wiring harness mean? How do you connect your wiring harness or interface to your stereo? We'll show you! Full explanation on our b This 2009 Toyota Yaris stereo wiring chart shows you all the 2009 Toyota Yaris stereo wire colors and their functions. Bluetooth Car Radio For 2010 2011 2015 Toyota Reiz Mark X. The power connections usually involve connecting the red wire to the positive terminal of the car battery and the black wire to the negative terminal. Explore detailed diagrams and installation guides to help you wire your Sony stereo correctly and get the most out of your audio experience. For example, the red wire in the diagram may indicate the power supply, while the black wire represents the ground connection. Once you’ve got the wiring diagrams, it’s time to start connecting the wires. The first resource is best for finding the power wires for your car. Blue. Orange/white – lighting switch. Apr 18, 2023 · Wiring a Dual Car Stereo System Step-by-Step. The picture below shows the wiring color codes for a CEA aftermarket radio harness that is included with most radios. Orange and White – Illumination wire. This 1991 Dodge Dakota radio wiring chart shows you all the 1991 Dodge Dakota radio wire colors and their functions. It includes diagrams and instructions for wiring the power source, speakers, amplifier, and other audio accessories. Browse our collection of Sony stereo May 9, 2022 · Source. Vincent Talbot (Editor) 1. 1999 Lincoln Town Car Stereo Wiring Diagram. Brands like Pioneer, Alpine, Sony, Kenwood, JVC, Boss and Jensen. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the May 14, 2022 · The 12V battery wire is yellow, the accessory wire is red, and the dimmer/illumination wire is orange with a white stripe. It will be useful when installing an aftermarket radio, sound stereo system, or other automotive accessories. The wiring diagram for a car radio outlines the connections between the various components, such as the radio itself, the speakers, and the power source. One of the key elements in a car stereo wiring diagram is the stereo head unit, which is the main control unit for the system. This part of the installation process can be a bit tricky, so it’s best to take it slowly and pay close attention to make sure everything is connected correctly. +. Choose your manufacturer. The Podofo car stereo wiring diagram typically includes information about the power supply, ground May 5, 2022 · Getting wiring diagrams and color codes for your Sony car stereo is easy with these 16-pin diagrams and color codes. Please check it over and use it as a GUIDE to 2010 Dodge Caliber Car Stereo Wiring Guide. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the bottom of . 1998 Acura CL. Sep 8, 2023 · To connect the car stereo to the wiring harness, start by plugging the car stereo connectors securely. 2015 Chevrolet Spark Radio Wiring Diagram. to/3aL2mw8Kicker 10" 600 Wa With the negative terminal disconnected, you can proceed with the installation of the car stereo, following the wiring harness diagram and the specific instructions provided by the manufacturer. the12Volt Wiring Diagrams - This site is provided by the12volt. It supplies power to the speaker from the stereo. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel Jul 23, 2019 · Wiring Harness Information. 3. But following the sources above gets you what you need through either print manuals or electronic subscriptions. Applicable Products and Categories of This Article. Modified Life is reader-supported. This 1995 Ford Mustang radio wiring chart shows you all the 1995 Ford Mustang radio wire colors and their functions. Ground wires are black, antenna wires are blue, and amplifier wires are blue with a Dec 22, 2022 · 9. This 2005 Mercedes Benz SLK350 stereo wiring chart shows you all the 2005 Mercedes Benz SLK350 stereo wire colors and their functions. Everything you see in this video can be purchased on Amazon via the links below:Kenwood DDX396 Stereo Receiver DVD - https://amzn. Understanding this diagram is crucial for anyone who wants to install or replace a car radio, as it ensures Find the Sony stereo wiring diagram you need for your car audio system. It shows how the wires are connected to the different parts of the radio, such as the power source, speakers, and antenna. Use a Steering Wheel Control Adapter to Keep Your Steering Wheel Controls. This 2005 Kia Sorento radio wiring chart shows you all the 2005 Kia Sorento radio wire colors and their functions. 2000 Acura CL. REAR - Left / Right. Make sure to leave enough length so A car stereo wiring harness diagram is a visual representation of the electrical connections needed for your car stereo system. Typically, each wire will have a specific color such as red, black, yellow, or green. The wiring diagram for a double din Android car stereo typically includes connections for power, speaker, GPS antenna, Bluetooth antenna, and other additional features. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the bottom of this page. While these colours may vary slightly depending on the manufacturer, they generally follow the same colour-coding scheme. Identify the Wiring Harness. Identify the wires: Consult the wiring diagram provided by Alpine, which will identify the various wires and their functions. Red – Ignition wire. Find out how to match the wires, bypass the factory amp, keep the factory features, and more. Use a wiring diagram or manual. All you have to do is select your automaker from the drop-down menu, choose Jul 21, 2022 · Here is a color code car stereo wiring diagram you can use: An explanation of the car stereo wires color code when you don’t have a wiring diagram is as follows: Black- Ground wire that you connect to an unpainted part of the chassis. Dimmer wire, provides 0 - 12 volts from the vehicle and is adjustable with interior light dimmer control. Here is a guide on how to connect a Pioneer stereo to various vehicles. Yellow – Constant 12V wire. Jan 3, 2024 · No universal central database exists consolidating all OEM car wiring diagrams. Violet/white – Of the two lead wires connected to the back lamp, connect the one in which the voltage changes when the gear shift is in the REVERSE (R) position. If you’re looking to change the radio in your 2016 Chevrolet Malibu or troubleshoot why your car radio stopped working, we’re here to help! Our comprehensive 2016 Chevrolet Malibu radio wiring diagram shows you all the radio wire harness colors, car speaker wiring colors and car speaker sizes. It is designed to maximize the sound quality and make installation a breeze. The Pioneer car stereo wiring diagrams and color codes use specific colors to indicate the function of each wire. This 2010 Kia Soul radio wiring chart shows you all the 2010 Kia Soul radio wire colors and their functions. Red – ignition switch (12 V DC) ON/OFF. This 1999 Lincoln Town Car stereo wiring chart shows you all the 1999 Lincoln Town Car stereo wire colors and their functions. Before starting the installation, gather the necessary materials including the head unit, wiring harness, power wire, ground wire, fuse holder, and connectors. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the 1995 Ford Mustang Radio Wiring Diagram. If the car speaker wiring information you’re searching for is not listed, please don’t hesitate to ask for it at the This 2010 Chevrolet Cobalt radio wiring chart shows you all the 2010 Chevrolet Cobalt radio wire colors and their functions. Orange. Understanding the meaning behind each wire color ensures proper connections and prevents unnecessary damage to the stereo system. Connected articles: How To Connect, Pair, or Delete Bluetooth Device on ALPINE Car Stereo. 2001 Chrysler PT Cruiser Car Stereo Wiring Diagram. This diagram helps in understanding the wiring and configuration of the stereo system, including speakers, amplifiers, and head units. Each color represents a different function, such as power, ground, speaker, or accessory. Car Radio Accessory Switched 12v+ Wire: Red/White. By using one or more of the methods illustrated below, you can be sure that your connections will last for years to come—and that your Mar 30, 2023 · Learn about different types of wiring harnesses and adapters for installing a new car stereo. This step-by-step guide will walk you through the process. These diagrams provide a detailed breakdown of the wiring connections and color codes used in your vehicle’s stereo system, allowing you to easily identify and understand how everything is connected. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for This 2006 Mini Cooper S stereo wiring chart shows you all the 2006 Mini Cooper S stereo wire colors and their functions. Black – Ground wire. This 1996 Lincoln Town Car stereo wiring chart shows you all the 1996 Lincoln Town Car stereo wire colors and their functions. Sep 2, 2021 · Clarion car stereo wiring diagrams are essential for installing a new head unit in your car. The entire connection should take just a couple of hours to have the unit installed and ready to rock. Apr 8, 2024 · Consult the car stereo’s wiring diagram (usually in the user manual) and the wiring harness guide (often included with the harness) to identify the function of each colored wire (e. Using your car's factory stereo plug wiring If you would like to help the Modified Life community by adding any missing information or adding a new car audio wire diagram to our resource, please feel free to post it at the bottom of this page. Plus, it provides vital information on electrical parts and associated safety precautions. Colors like orange, brown, and gray identify positive and negative wires for the vehicle’s speakers. Whether you are a DIY enthusiast or a professional installer, understanding the wiring diagram and color codes is crucial to ensure a successful installation. Use this 2007 Subaru Impreza speaker wiring guide to help you with a speaker replacement or speaker upgrade. Joying Head Unit Connection Diagram Of Power Cord And Av Cables. Please find attached wiring diagrams for single din units Sony DSX-A415BT, Sony Xplod MEX-BT3900U, and Sony XAV-AX1000. Use our 2016 Chevrolet Malibu stereo wiring 2008 Chrysler Sebring Car Audio Wiring Schematic. Diagram and description of a typical aftermarket car stereo wire harness functions and colors. For each speaker you will have a pair of wires. Amazon affiliate here: If you click any Amazon links on my pages and purchase any products I get a small commission from within the A car radio wiring diagram is a visual representation of the electrical connections and components of a car radio. The diagram provides a step-by-step guide, ensuring that every component, from the head unit to the speakers and amplifiers, is properly connected and functioning. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the Nov 19, 2022 · Pioneer AVH-3500NEX and DMH-341EX Wiring Diagram Color Code. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for Apr 13, 2024 · That’s why you can be sure you’re getting the most accurate Acura radio wiring information. Browse our collection of car stereo circuit diagrams to find the right one for your vehicle. Use this 2005 Acura TL speaker wiring guide to help you with a speaker replacement or speaker upgrade. Be sure to consult your particular auto electrical car stereo wiring diagram. 11. Blue and White – Remote Turn-on wire. Use the wire strippers to strip the insulation off the ends of the wires. Apr 12, 2023 · Follow these step-by-step instructions to install your Pioneer car stereo: Use the wiring diagram that came with your car stereo to locate the various components. Jan 2, 2024 · Master car stereo wiring diagrams to seamlessly install aftermarket head units. Make sure to grab the appropriate tools to test all the wires in your A4. May 31, 2024 · Learn how to remove your factory stereo and install a new one with Crutchfield's step-by-step instructions and videos. Yellow- Connect to a constant 12 voltage battery source. Our comprehensive collection of wiring diagrams includes detailed schematics and color codes to make the installation process easier. com carries a vehicle-specific wiring harness and interfaces for virtually every vehicle, we suggest you use it to connect your new stereo to your vehicle’s factory wiring harnesses. It's important to follow the diagram carefully to ensure that the wiring is done correctly. I Just Purchased A 2014 International Prostar The Previous Owener Cut Wires To Radio All Have Is Group Of. It shows how these components are connected to each other and how the audio signals flow through the system. The most common ISO stereo wiring colours include red, yellow, black, blue, green, purple, and white. This 2005 Toyota Camry stereo wiring chart shows you all the 2005 Toyota Camry stereo wire colors and their functions. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you read and interpret factory stereo wiring diagrams: 1. A car stereo wiring diagram serves as a guide to understanding the different components and their connections. We are adding installation instructions, these pages will be specified "Installation", "Tech Tips" and/or "Tech Help" for aftermarket car radio and Oct 22, 2014 · Learn how to install an aftermarket car stereo, wiring harness and dash kit with this easy-to-follow video tutorial. This 1999 Toyota Solara stereo wiring chart shows you all the 1999 Toyota Solara stereo wire colors and their functions. The diagram typically includes labels for the different parts, such as the head unit, amplifier, speakers, and wiring. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask 2001 Lincoln Town Car Stereo Wiring Diagram. This 2015 Scion tC radio wiring chart shows you all the 2015 Scion tC radio wire colors and their functions. 2009 Acura CSX. It is typically located behind the stereo unit or in the dash area. For instance, red is for accessory power, black is for ground, and blue is for power antenna. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the bottom of this This 2011 Toyota Camry stereo wiring chart shows you all the 2011 Toyota Camry stereo wire colors and their functions. Prepare the necessary materials. Violet and White – Reverse Gear Input. Aftermarket car stereo radio wire colors guide motorist care maruti suzuki coupler wiring harness android Jun 6, 2019 · QualityMobileVideo. Car Stereo Head Unit Wire Harness. The more tailored, the better accuracy tracing Oct 9, 2019 · Overall, Kia car radio stereo audio wiring diagrams are indispensable tools when it comes to installing or upgrading your car’s audio system. Wire harness diagram links are posted at left. Understanding the diagram can help in installing, troubleshooting, and upgrading the amplifier in your car. Feb 5, 2022 · 2017 Chevrolet Malibu Stereo Wiring Colors. 1. Yellow/Blue – Parking break – connect this to the power supply of the parking brake. It’s important to verify that each wire is properly connected to its corresponding terminal. Other wires may be dedicated to speaker connections, antenna, and auxiliary inputs. 2005 Kia Sorento Radio Wiring Diagram. This 1989 Lincoln Town Car stereo wiring chart shows you all the 1989 Lincoln Town Car stereo wire colors and their functions. Once that's done, you plug the other end of the harness into your car's wiring connector (the one that was plugged into the factory radio). Stereowiringdiagram. Dec 12, 2023 · Common wire colors include red (power), black (ground), white (front left speaker), and green (rear left speaker). This guide covers schematic basics, color coding, wire routing, troubleshooting, safety procedures, and step-by-step instructions for upgrading your car radio. The second two deal more with wiring diagrams for car radio. Stereo Wiring On Twitter 1993 Hyundai Excel Car Diagram Https T Co Kdeokgmqfn Y8vli5ocrs. With Clarion’s easy-to-read diagrams, you’ll have everything you need to ensure a successful installation. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the bottom of Gather the necessary tools: Make sure you have all the necessary tools such as wire cutters, crimpers, electrical tape, and a wiring harness, which will connect the new stereo to the existing wiring in your car. 2001 Acura CL 3. Get the right diagram for your car radio wiring and enjoy the best audio experience on the road. The wiring diagram helps car owners and installers understand the proper configuration Apr 13, 2022 · 10 1 Inch For Android 8 Car Stereo Radio 2 5d Quad Core 16g Mp5 Player Gps Navigation Wifi Dps Support Rear Camera Dvr. Gray Wire: Right Front Speaker (+) The gray wire is to be connected with the right front speaker’s positive terminal. This 2007 Subaru Impreza speaker wiring chart shows you every speaker wire color and the speaker wire location. Head Unit: The head unit, also known as the radio or stereo receiver, is the control center of the car audio system. This 2015 Chevrolet Spark radio wiring chart shows you all the 2015 Chevrolet Spark radio wire colors and their functions. The extra gear you'll need for wiring the amps includes: Capacitors aren't usually Chassis ground. Oct 27, 2018 · Ultimately, the 2018 Ford Focus car stereo wiring diagram is the perfect tool for anyone looking to get the most out of their car audio system. The first step is to identify the wiring harness in your vehicle. By following a car audio installation The wiring diagram for an ATOTO A6 PF head unit is shown below. Whether it’s a replacement for an older model or a brand new installation, having the right wiring diagram can make all the difference. First, make sure that all of the wires are properly connected and that there is no loose wiring. Car Stereo Wiring Color Codes. Wiring a new car stereo can be intimidating, especially if you’re doing the installation for the first time. Red- It is hooked to the ignition. Ensure that the power and ground wires are of the appropriate gauge for your car audio system. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for Car Stereo Wire Diagram and Wiring Harness Identification Charts. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the bottom of this Step 1: Understand the Importance of Auto Radio Wiring Diagrams. When installing a car radio with an amp, it's important to follow the wiring diagram carefully. com and is extensive. Before installing a new car stereo, you need to remove the old one. This will ensure proper connection to the appropriate signals and works seamlessly, without cutting any of the factory cables just like the These codes vary depending on the manufacturer and model of your car stereo. It shows how wires should be routed throughout the vehicle, which connectors to use, and where to place each component for optimal performance. Removing factory installed car radio guides, click HERE. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the bottom This 2019 Toyota GT86 stereo wiring chart shows you all the 2019 Toyota GT86 stereo wire colors and their functions. Orange / White stripe. Find out how to wire the new receiver with vehicle-specific harnesses or by identifying the car's stereo wires. This ensures that the right signals are transmitted and received, resulting in optimal audio performance. White- Black Wire: Left Front Speaker (-) This white-black wire will go to the left speaker’s negative terminal to complete the circuit. Making long-lasting, secure wire connections is of the utmost importance. 16-pin wiring harness. Light Green – Parking Brake ON/OFF wire. , constant power, ground, speaker wires). 7159a Hd 2 Din 7 Inch Car Radio Receiver Mp5 Player Android 8 1 Support Phone Link Fm Am Bluetooth Wifi Alexnld Com. Dec 29, 2022 · Yellow – power. Car Radio Battery Constant 12v+ Wire: Red/Brown Car Radio Accessory Switched 12v+ Wire: N/A Car Radio Ground Wire: Black Car Radio Illumination Wire: N/A Car Stereo Dimmer Wire: N/A Car Stereo Antenna Trigger Wire: Gray/Orange Car Stereo Amp Trigger Wire: N/A Car Stereo Amplifier Location: Behind the Glove Box Car Audio Front Speakers Size: N/A May 7, 2023 · Connect the Chinese Android Car Stereo: Connect the wires from the Chinese Android car stereo to the wiring harness adapter according to the wiring diagram provided with the stereo. g. Whether you’re new to the audio game or an experienced technician, having the right wiring diagram is essential for a successful project. It provides a detailed guide for installing the stereo and connecting it to the car’s electrical system. For example, red usually represents the power wire, yellow is for the constant power wire, black is the ground wire, blue Apr 26, 2023 · Once you have the wiring diagram for your Pioneer car stereo, you’ll need to take the proper steps to ensure a successful installation. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re A car stereo wiring diagram serves as a guide to help you understand how to properly connect each component. When it comes to installing a new car radio, understanding the importance of auto radio wiring diagrams is crucial. Double Din Car Stereo Radio 7 Inch Hd Touch Screen Player With Bluetooth Multimedia Sd Usb Fm Aux Mp5 4 3 Navigation Steering Wheel Control Backup Rear View 1991 Dodge Dakota Radio Wiring Diagram. White- Connects to the positive terminal of the left front speaker. Car Radio Battery Constant 12v+ Wire: Pink. The system depicted includes new speakers, an aftermarket receiver, a 4-channel amp for the front and rear pairs of full-range speakers, and a mono amp for a subwoofer. Focus your search by adding make/model/year + “wiring diagram” to locate vehicle-specific guides. Jun 3, 2024 · This wiring diagram shows how a full-blown car audio system upgrade gets wired in a car. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to This 2004 Toyota Highlander stereo wiring chart shows you all the 2004 Toyota Highlander stereo wire colors and their functions. Car Radio Wiring Diagram with Amp. Use this 2012 Mazda 2 speaker wiring guide to help you with a speaker replacement or speaker upgrade. If the car speaker wiring information you’re searching for is not listed, please don’t hesitate to ask for it at the bottom of this page. Find the car radio wiring diagram for your vehicle model to help you install a new stereo system or troubleshoot any wiring issues. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to Using the car stereo harness wiring diagram that Crutchfield supplies, you can match up the wires for each connection to the new stereo's wiring harness. Blue – Remote turn on – Wire this to remote turn-on of your amp or processor. They’re easy to find, simple to use, and incredibly helpful. Below I have put together some of the best free sources for car stereo wiring diagrams and wiring colors. 2003 Acura CL 3. 2. Select the appropriate wiring harness to view a table showing the wire color and function of each pin: 9-pin wiring harness. Then, turn the power on and use the wiring diagram to check that all of the components are functioning properly. A basic car stereo wiring diagram outlines the connections between the various components of the system, including the stereo head unit, speakers, and power supply. Red- Connects to the accessory and turns on with the A car stereo circuit diagram is a visual representation of the electrical connections and components of a car audio system. Make sure the connection is tight to avoid any loose connections. For anyone considering a 2018 Ford This 2005 Acura TL speaker wiring chart shows you every speaker wire color and the speaker wire polarity. It provides you with a visual representation of how everything should be connected, making the installation process much easier and more efficient. Remove the Old Car Stereo. Some trucks may only have the front speakers. 1999 Acura CL. Use a Car Radio Wiring Harness and Car Radio Dash Kit for an Easy Install! Use an Amp Integration Harness to Connect Your Factory Amplifier to an aftermarket radio. info is the premier website for wiring diagrams and information related to car stereos! We have extensive documents available that cover a wide range of common automakers, making it easy for you to find exactly what you need. Black- It is hooked to the grounding point. Jul 7, 2014 · Here is the stereo radio wiring information for your 2009 Audi B8 A4 with the standard, symphony, or Bose systems. If you don’t see the car radio wiring information you’re looking for, please feel free to ask your question at the bottom of 2005 Mercedes Benz SLK350 Stereo Wiring Diagram. Step 2: Connect the power wires: Find the constant power wire on the stereo harness (usually yellow or blue). This 2001 Lincoln Town Car stereo wiring chart shows you all the 2001 Lincoln Town Car stereo wire colors and their functions. ki zz jg dc yc xg du pz sc dr