The CSS model is at component level rather than at document level. Sep 18, 2018 · Modular CSS is a collection of principles for writing code that is performant and maintainable at scale. They are far more strict and informative, which makes the BEM naming BEM in CSS Modules. Jan 4, 2019 · Adding a CSS Modules Stylesheet. Note: this feature is available with react-scripts@2. Sep 24, 2018 · The css-loader takes the stylesheet and returns a JS module that exports a module. /styles. To use BEM, you only need to employ BEM’s naming convention. A cost to performance. js. It's merely a set of guidelines, on how to approach your css architecture and name your Dec 14, 2021 · 1. Oct 17, 2018 · Once that is done, open . However, they introduce a steeper learning curve and require more time to understand. This will make classnames in one CSS file unique to classnames in other CSS files. Its main goal is to help organize, maintain, and scale CSS code in large projects. Next. CSS Modulesを書くのに当たっては、Tailwind CSSのコンフィグ方法や、クラス名などを覚える必要がありません CSS methodologies are designed to tackle common challenges in CSS development, such as code organization, naming conventions, and component reusability. btn module). Using BEM in clean way is very tedious. You will see the default template created by create-react-app looking good! CRA default template. Oct 20, 2021 · A BEM (. It also ensures styling is very consistent throughout the project. At this point you can run the app. normal) css. Side effects. It goes into the compiler, and CSS comes out the other side. During coding, developers use simpler and intuitive names. 618; `; This is a very, very convenient way of writing CSS. Mar 11, 2021 · On the other hand, the CSS-in-JS approach can be a good solution for the Frontend team who deals with both markup and JS, and develops all components from scratch. It's my first npm package so feedback is definitely appreciated! Jul 26, 2019 · TLDR: PascalCase and Block__Element--Modifier. css '. Also, CSS modules remove the need to have unique names across the app. block classname. It is a smart way of naming your CSS classes to give them more transparency and meaning to other developers. BEM promotes reusability through structured class names, while CSS Modules encapsulate styles within components. This allows you to use the same class name in different files without worrying about collisions. 2. Feb 9, 2018 · CSS Modules are often touted as the next step from CSS methodologies like BEM (Block Element Modifier). Run official live example code for Cva React With Css Modules, created by Joe Bell on StackBlitz. Check out the official doc of create-react-app. /src/App. All URLs ( url()) and @imports are in module request format ( . This library allows you to write modular, scalable and reusable CSS code for your web applications. It was developed by the team at Yandex, and its purpose is to help developers better understand the relationships between their structure and styles. BEM vs Tailwind Starter Kit: What are the differences? Developers describe BEM as " It is a methodology, that helps you to achieve reusable components and code sharing in the front-end ". The run time is almost the same! The run time is almost the Oct 29, 2020 · BEM benefits. CSS Modules. SMACSS. To use CSS Module, you need to name your CSS files with a . You can find subscriber questions here:https://githu Oct 25, 2023 · Additional benefits of @scope vs. Tailwind gives you intellisense for class names which is a huge boost in productivity. CSS Modules solves this by dynamically creating class names and localising styles. Migration from BEM to CSS modules is the best thing that can happen with the project. 🗞 To get a shorter overview, you can checkout the article on CSS Tricks: Feb 18, 2020 · Like a 1-off design that requires a wrapper to style a collection of BEM blocks? This will require a slightly different approach… Unique Wrappers: Notion Example. scss — it works perfectly for me. When adding a new component, we need to make sure it doesn’t affect other components & other components doesn’t E. sass` // Note: this option is named as "data" in sass-loader v7 sass: {prependData: `@import "~@/variables. We can customize class names, including the use of BEM -style naming if desired. It's mainly focussed on integration with React / Next. in a React app, I would see it as an antipattern nowadays: If you have small, reusable components with their own CSS, then you won't need the complexity of BEM, you can just use 1-word class names because there are so few classes per component. You can make files with the extension ". While we’ve explored the differences between BEM (Block Element Modifier) and CSS Modules, and acknowledged the advantages of CSS Modules, I advocate for using BEM in tandem with CSS Modules. You have a library of CSS modules that you use across multiple sites. block__element--modifier) CSS rule is limited to the html element with the . The difference can be huge: you can build an entire website with the same amount of CSS that goes into a single Tailwind button. Aug 23, 2023 · Last updated on August 23, 2023. It is also possible to use CSS Modules with SASS/SCSS with the . With this, your CSS class names become similar to local variables in JavaScript. So lets talk about CSS modules. How we make each class unique is by replacing classnames with hashed classnames in each CSS file. yarn start. so home page: Again, thinking with your BEM hat on, you’ll notice: Each quarter can be considered a BEM block (e. If you decide between CSS Modules and Atomic CSS, the decision is not so easy. Robin’s three-part series on it is a good overview and introduction. BEM. CSS in JS embeds CSS directly in a JS file. Resource. Please edit to add further details, such as citations or documentation, so that others can confirm that your answer is correct. button[data-v-9ad5ab0c]. Local by default. In this article, I'll explain why BEM should still be used alongside CSS Modules for consistent and intuitive styling. Blocks. Using styled-component makes your code highly dependent on a specific framework. Apr 12, 2022 · To do so, I’ll introduce three important modular CSS methodologies: OOCSS. // vue. e webpack, browserify etc. i. css file naming convention. JavaScript processes the CSS Module files further and encapsulates their style declarations to solve the scoping issue. Entire design systems and CSS frameworks (like Bootstrap or Tailwind) are created to solve these problems by tying styles to components, tokens, or utility classes. This behavior makes CSS Modules the ideal way to include component-level CSS. Also, CSS-in-JS will be useful for modules that integrate into other applications. My colleagues use BEM (with Less) in their project built with Nuxt3 which supports CSS modules/ Scope CSS out of the box - yet I'm unsuccessful in convincing them that BEM is an outdated solution which existed BEM style css help diminish that need awhile ago, and with the rise of css-in-js solutions like Emotion and CSS modules, I can't think of any reason to use sass. btn_size_s doesn't make sense using the naming style I used in my question which follows BLOCK__ELEMENT--MODIFIER convention. Yes, it is possible. I've just launched a npm package that helps integrating BEM with CSS Modules. Bootstrap is the most popular HTML, CSS, and JS framework for developing responsive, JavaScript. css extension and then import them into JavaScript files. *. Besides. /xxx and . | CSS-Tricks - CSS-Tricks. CSS Modules is a tool in the CSS Pre-processors / Extensions category of Oct 7, 2019 · Introducing Sass Modules. I'd like to see how other developers handle it. For example: photo. According to the official CSS Module GitHub repository, a CSS Module is a CSS file in which all class names and animation names are scoped locally by default. CSS modules gives unique classnames to each class and does so with the help of a bundler, . in node_modules ). Step 1. 會想寫這篇是因為最近在改寫專案的前端介面,原以為自己對於命名的部分還算有些認知,但在改專案的 SMACSS —i. Jul 29, 2014 · BEM is a specific concrete application of OOCSS. Think of modular css as a style of writing vanilla (i. BEM, or “block, element, modifier,” is a popular naming convention for classes in HTML and CSS. CSS Modules은 모든 스타일에 동적으로 파일에 선언된 CSS 선택자에 고유한 해시 문자열을 추가하여 Oct 10, 2021 · BEM、SMACSS、OOCSS — CSS 三種常見命名原則. In thise mode your CSS class is appended with a data-v attribute like this . Last important aspect is type-safety with full TypeScript support. With CSS Modules it’s vanilla CSS or SCSS, technologies people have been using for years. Oct 28, 2018 · CSS modules. nav-tabs, etc. And the BEM naming convention (and the underlying Block-Element-Modifier decomposition) is a great tool for understanding a component Jun 13, 2018 · The performance between babel-plugin-react-css-modules and react-css-modules just has a little difference if not using named modules. root. Once that’s finished we need to install webpack locally in our project, like so: npm i -D webpack. While the current @import rule allows you to pull in third-party packages, and split your Sass into manageable “partials,” it has a few Apr 10, 2017 · Of course I care about performance. The baseline reference we'll use for comparison is a CSS Modules approach. It originated with developers at Yahoo and Yandex as a way to address the challenges of maintaining a large codebase. In my personal opinion, the issue of CSS cascading is overrated. When building smaller websites, the Jan 11, 2021 · BEM stands for Block Element Modifier and is a way of architecting CSS to encourage the use of a consistent naming convention when creating your style classes. SUIT CSS provides a reliable and testable styling solution for component-based CSS Modules. SUIT CSS plays well with React, Ember, Angular, and other component-based approaches to UI development. display is just as legible for developers as the BEM-y . Nov 20, 2020 · CSS Modules. In CSS Modules, each file is compiled separately so you can use simple class selectors with generic names — you don’t need to worry about polluting the global scope. Here is an example site that uses CSS Modules. Jun 21, 2017 · June 21, 2017. I do follow BEM with scss modules but a more paired down version since I know that most selectors will only get used once. Using CSS Modules. This solves the problem of typing ultra specific CSS class names to avoid clashes. So, when you use styles. We have had access to the ampersand ( &) for quite some time now, which gives us a level of scope—but it’s easy for it to lose its usefulness when you’re nested quite I’m in a similar boat; been using BEM for lots of projects, but am now building out one in NextJS using CSS modules. js supports different types of stylesheets, including: Next. It is a CSS file in which all class names and animation names are scoped locally by default. Each block consists of one or more “elements” that represent the parts of the block, and “modifiers” that define the variations of the Sep 17, 2020 · CSS Modules is a component-level CSS, that comes built-in with Next and can be activated by naming the style files with the . Now that Sass is installed, we’re ready to use it. locals map containing references to the class names. This methodology was developed at Yandex with the goals in mind that Fast development and long-lasting results for standard projects,A project involves many . Daniel Tonon on Dec 13, 2017 (Updated on Apr 2, 2019 ) BEM (Block Element Modifier) is a popular CSS class naming convention that makes CSS easier to maintain. h1` font-weight: 700; line-height: 1. btn-group, . Jun 9, 2023 · BEM is a popular CSS architecture methodology that emphasizes modularity and reusability. For discussing Cascading Style Sheets, design principles, and technological innovations related to web development. We use a modified form of BEM, described best by CSS Wizardry's post titled MindBEMding. exports = {css: {loaderOptions: {// pass options to sass-loader // @/ is an alias to src/ // so this assumes you have a file named `src/variables. js app. The key words here are scoped locally. The only difference is many smaller files living where Feb 8, 2019 · CSS Modules is born with the initial commit happening in May 2015. But you could use it however you want. Likely even easier to mentally parse when the BEM selectors get long. font-size__serif--large. SUIT CSS is a reliable and testable styling methodology for component-based UI development. While CSS Modules themselves look very similar to regular CSS, the way we use them is quite different. I typically use a . css file. This is a big step forward for @import. CSS Modules:一个 CSS 文件就是一个独立的模块。. It is a CSS file in which all class names and animation names are scoped locally Bootstrap. CSS 命名方法论. It is a bunch of cool, fun, and cross-browser animations for you to use in your The css-loader interprets @import and url () like import/require () and will resolve Sass, Radium, BEM, CSS Blocks, and styled-components are the most popular alternatives and competitors to CSS Modules. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 🗓 Last update: Aug 2021. In modular CSS, the CSS is grouped by modules. Let’s style the components/BookThree. Modules like . You say to use a modifier, but you don't say where to put it (inside . SASS나 BEM 같은 경우, 손수 개발자가 클래스가 겹치지 않도록 관리 해야 하는 불편함이 있었습니다. Using BEM in 2023. It’s bundled at a cost. Personally, I like to utilize a combination of BEM or CSS modules, along with a healthy amount of the dreaded global CSS. /xxx means relative, xxx and xxx/yyy means in modules folder, i. I’m not following BEM to the letter for modules because the modules take care of the namespacing. For this walkthrough, we’re going to use the SCSS syntax and the . scss for some global styles, then for components I’ll use ComponentName. scss '. , Scalable and Modular Architecture for CSS —aims to do just that. styles. "Variables" is the primary reason why developers Dec 13, 2017 · A more useful adaptation of BEM. It’s notable that an all-in CSS-in-JS approach gets this ability naturally, as styling is bundled into JavaScript. export const Main = () => { return <HelloWorld>Hello World</HelloWorld>; }; const HelloWorld = styled. scss" to use SCSS and CSS Module at the same time. Now, it is a little more complex than that. Jun 7, 2021 · ピュアなcssの知識さえあれば設定不要で書き始めることができるCSS Modulesですが、これ自体がTailwind CSSに対するCSS Modulesの一つのメリットとなります。. On smaller brochure sites, how you organize your styles isn’t usually a big concern. Conclusion. Apr 15, 2021 · Styled Components is a radical, new way of writing CSS for your React components. CSS-in-JS:在 JS 中写 CSS。. As with any object-based programming method, the purpose of OOCSS is to encourage code reuse and, ultimately, faster and more efficient stylesheets BEM with CSS Modules. less file(if SMACSS) or Ctrl + F in Sep 11, 2013 · According to OOCSS creator Nicole Sullivan, it’s based on two main principles: Separate structure and skin. ABEM. Now, the architectural approach of SMACSS is a bit different from a CSS framework like Bootstrap or Foundation. In addition to the advantages of refactoring BEM into @scope, the use of @scope also allows for better control of the CSS cascade. By contrast, in a typical CSS file, all CSS selectors live in the global scope. BEM stands for Block Element Modifier, and it describes the pattern of each CSS object's class name. Dec 29, 2014 · The best introduction to BEM is from Harry Roberts: BEM – meaning block, element, modifier – is a front-end naming methodology thought up by the guys at Yandex. We're using Next. I’m betting these will become part of your workflow, regardless of the frontend framework you’re using. The js and css filenames as well as the className are all following PascalCase. This article assumes that you are already familiar with the naming convention. A more useful adaptation of BEM. Flexible. In "Css modules vs BEM" I share some considerations to remember when you are working with large projects. BEM in CSS Modules. Using CSS Modules: Pros: Jul 13, 2014 · Thanks, but I don't really understand your answer. Developed by the team at Yandex, its goal is to help developers better understand the relationship between the HTML and CSS in a given project. Nov 12, 2021 · OOCSS. It's my first npm package so feedback is definitely appreciated! 2. js module. module. Then you encounter a module that's styled in a very site-specific way -- it's too unique to be able to use one Sep 15, 2022 · Even developers from the CSS Module camp moved to this camp. You should manage a huge number of classes per each compnent: element class, modificators classes, classes from block determine positon current element as a child. It’s a particular set of CSS architecture guidelines from Jonathan Snook that I’ve adopted. Feb 18, 2019 · The CSS Modules plugin or loader (depending on whether you are using PostCSS or Webpack to process your CSS Modules) will generate a unique name for each class name in the CSS file. g. byline. So, when you A CSS Module is a CSS file where all class names and animation names are scoped locally by default. e. The key difference to existing systems are minimalism, and extreme re-usability. CSS Modules allows the scoping of CSS by automatically creating a unique classname of the format [filename]\_[classname]\_\_[hash]. Jan 13, 2018 · Let's look at the official definition of a CSS Module: A CSS Module is a CSS file in which all class names and animation names are scoped locally by default. Scoped. Thus, tooling is just as important as conventions. Other common systems bem-modules is a lightweight JavaScript library that provides a simple and efficient way to integrate BEM (Block Element Modifier) naming conventions with CSS Modules. scss is normal SCSS file while *. BEM (Block Element Modifier) BEM is a widely adopted CSS methodology that emphasizes a modular approach to styling. Dec 4, 2018 · { loader: 'css-loader', options: { importLoaders: 1, modules: true, }, } CSS Modules are an evolving feature and could be discussed at even greater length. Introduction. Read more about this system BEM 101 on CSS Tricks. In this tutorial, we’ll look into some common issues that frequently arise when writing CSS Apr 12, 2014 · Here's a situation I run into a lot with CSS architecture using BEM/SMACSS. Apr 4, 2016 · We don’t need to use BEM when we’re making a CSS module. You compile it all into a single stylesheet with SASS’s production settings, and then you aggregate it to get all the stylesheets from modules into a nice tidy Jun 7, 2021 · Introduction. Robin Rendle wrote a good article about these css modules. This project supports CSS Modules alongside regular stylesheets using the [name]. On top of this, it has many side benefits, and its use can directly benefit a Apr 26, 2024 · The CSS Modules plugin or loader (depending on whether you are using PostCSS or Webpack to process your CSS Modules) will generate a unique name for each class name in the CSS file. Apr 2, 2015 · The Block, Element, Modifier methodology (commonly referred to as BEM) is a popular naming convention for classes in HTML and CSS. CSS Modules doesn't replace BEM. Separate container and content. ( data-v attribute being added to your html element by Vue). Nicole Sullivan is creator of Object Oriented CSS (credit: Joshua Kulpa via Flickr CC) The first is achieved by abstracting visual patterns and coding each as a separate class. It provides a minimum example of creating a custom component. Jan 7, 2021 · Step 2: Importing Sass files into a Next. In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Tomislav Matijević introduces us to BEM methodology and explains how this CSS practice can massively improve code maintainability, speed up the development process, and streamline the teamwork of developers by arranging CSS classes into independent modules. You get in there, write some CSS, or maybe even some SASS. If you’re using one, that is. . feature) Apr 4, 2021 · 根据这些 CSS 模块化方案的特点,我简单的将它们分为了三大类:. This combination leverages the clarity of BEM’s structure along with the scope management benefits of CSS Modules. . Oct 10, 2019 · 🛠️ Standard Tooling for Vue. Css modules can be used with css, sass, less etc. Empower your React projects with advanced styling for scalable and Top Alternatives to BEM. CSS Modules compile to a low-level interchange format called ICSS (or Interoperable Feb 26, 2019 · With CSS Modules, naming is taken care of by the build tools. Instead, it’s a set of rules, more like a template or Dec 16, 2015 · A CSS Module is a CSS file in which all class names and animation names are scoped locally by default. – Dec 12, 2016 · With CSS Modules we basically get BEM out of the box for free. Apr 11, 2016 · First, we need to globally install webpack, which will give us access to the webpack command in our terminals: npm install webpack -g. Some of the guidelines were controversial when introduced, but have since come to be recognized as best practices. config. js and in line 3 you will find import '. May 8, 2020 · BEM was cool but after CSS modules appear it dead. CSS Modules locally scope CSS by automatically creating a unique class name. If we're all in agreement about the need to modularise styles, let's dive deep into comparing two of the most popular techniques: CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS. 이러한 단점을 극복하고자 나온 것이 CSS Modules입니다. A collection of CSS packages and build tools are available as modules. 0 and higher. So the specificity of the applyed styles are higher, but at the same time, if somewhere else in your code there are styles In the end, both are css. As it is an approach to encapsulate the full range of CSS properties, it will allow you to style things Tailwind simply does not have classes for—think highly art directed experiences. js component with it. Modular. CSS 命名方法论:通过人工的方式来约定命名规则。. Also naming a modifier . With css modules, you must set up your own css variables for that. It's my first npm package so feedback is definitely appreciated! Jan 5, 2017 · 1. Tailwind also gives you an ootb way to customize your theme colors, spacings, fonts etc. bem. Aug 13, 2019 · One of the most impactful things we can do to improve page performance and resilience is to load CSS in a way that does not delay page rendering. You can simply create components out of your styles. The "Object" in OOCSS refers to an HTML element or anything associated with it like CSS classes or Javascript methods. Essentially, each BEM class starts with a block, which is an object name. Learn how to enable and use CSS Modules in your Vue projects with this guide. Take a look at this design from the Notion. For your next project, large or small, I would strongly recommend you consider using CSS Modules. BEM requires developers to choose unique class names and does not provide encapsulation. These will help us create interface components that are easier to understand, maintain and reuse. The CSS cascade is an algorithm that defines how web browsers handle styling conditions from elements on a composed HTML page. Many CSS-in-JS libraries claim to offer a better way by directly tying the scope May 4, 2023 · The most commonly used techniques include the use of methodologies such as BEM, OOCSS, Functional CSS, and CSS-in-JS, which propose ways to divide the code into reusable and independent modules, as well as the use of preprocessors such as Sass and Less, which allow for more modular and dynamic CSS writing. Nov 3, 2023 · 🛠️ Comparison between CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS 🛠️ As we pedal further into our web development journey, the landscape of styling demands a closer look. js file in a /src directory. js Development. Overcome issues like naming collisions, bloat, and lack of specificity control. The choice between BEM and CSS Modules depends on the specific project requirements and the desired approach to code organization and styling. Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. Andy Bell on Feb 28, 2018. No. They are BEM — Introduction. : making different kinds of modules and combining them like lego blocks. I too had difficultly finding react projects with it, I just looked into css modules for the most part and transferred that to scss. Independent blocks and CSS selectors make your code reusable and modular. Mar 18, 2020 · Short Answer. They aim to create consistent, maintainable, and scalable stylesheets. one of the most-used Sass-features. SUIT CSS. Change it to import '. Aug 14, 2017 · However, if you have a big project with many pages that will be a problem to find appropriate file in BEM, and now we have two options: Ctrl + F in modules. There is no difference between them rather than how you structure your css . 0. According to the repo, CSS modules are: CSS files in which all class names and animation names are scoped locally by default. May 22, 2018 · Module is a safer option for scoping CSS than Scoped. With CSS Modules, your CSS class names become similar to local variables in JavaScript. sass"`}, // by default the `sass` option will apply to both syntaxes Jan 14, 2019 · CSS Modules are a great tool for isolating component styles. I keep everything as generic as possible to the point that my base class is always . By the way, a 'CSS Module' is just a . BEM Tailwind CSS. CSS-in-JS is the winner for specific types of projects. It is likely that you will come across examples, even in tutorials, that use BEM syntax, without mentioning why the CSS is structured in such a way. Our custom loader: Gets the css-loader output. scss” and then apply the styles to the elements using …. Feb 28, 2018 · Using Sass to Control Scope With BEM Naming. Component-scoped CSS allows you to write traditional, portable CSS with minimal side effects: gone are the worries of selector name collisions or affecting other components’ styles. In order you use any Sass-specific features though, we’ll need to use Sass files with either the . css_Button___231as3s . This is how intensely we’ve been thinking about CSS. popup-dialog or as part of . The naming convention that is recommended by BEM is block-name__element-name--modifier-name where: block-name describes the block that it should style. It is based on the principle of breaking down web interfaces into small, manageable components, or “blocks”. Feb 13, 2024 · BEM is widely used in larger web projects and many people write their CSS in this way. Button in your component’s code, the actual class name will be something like button. sass or . Jul 14, 2021 · 将来私たちはCSS modulesをdeprecatedにしたいと思っています。他にもたくさんのソリューションがあります。 - BEM,CSS-in-JS,ゼロランタイムのCSS-in-JSであるLinaria、将来的にはWebComponentsのCSS module(これは私たちのCSS modulesではないことに注意してください。 Mar 20, 2024 · Here's a preview of Nue's approach to styling things on the web. Adopt best practices for directory structure, naming conventions, implementation, and testing. Let's start with . It supports CSS Modules, a feature that allows you to use local and modular CSS classes in your components. scss extension. Because class names are scoped locally by default May 31, 2018 · CSS-in-JS solutions (such as styled-components or emotion) are popular and offer many of the same advantages. This methodology breaks styles down into three main components: 1. A good CSS architecture can bring many Vue Loader is a webpack loader for single-file Vue components. I actually think the problem you’re trying to solve has resulted in part by popularity of component based development which has meant a lot of CSS gets repeated. js as a SSR framework for building resources. Apr 6, 2023 · E. /App. Now we need to make an index. Aug 19, 2015 · Let me tell you about what CSS Modules is, and why it’s the future. In this blog post, I wanted to highlight the pros and cons of using CSS modules vs CSS-in-JS vs atomic CSS in React projects. scss’` you would import using “import styles from ‘. Sass just launched a major new feature you might recognize from other languages: a module system. Update styles/modules/BookThree Nov 17, 2022 · A CSS Module is a CSS file in which all the properties are scoped locally by default in the rendered CSS. css extension. This is for two reasons: Easy parsing – Code like type. BEM will allow you to describe any user interface component you can dream up in a flexible, extensible way. 为了避免 CSS 选择器命名冲突的问题,以及更好的实现 Jul 30, 2023 · BEM stands for Block Element Modifier, which is a popular CSS methodology used for front-end development. Jan 5, 2016 · Furthermore, if you’re already using BEM, it may not make sense to switch to CSS Modules. Controlling scope is something you probably don’t tend to consider when working with CSS and Sass. js has built-in support for CSS Modules using the . The file name of the module is the B, where I then write the E and M portion. scss is SCSS file with CSS modules. Using BEM, methodologies and tools can be recomposed and configured the way you like. Sep 27, 2023 · Elevate your React app styling with CSS Modules for scoped and maintainable styles and Styled Components for dynamic styling with JavaScript/TypeScript. Gatsby works out of the box with CSS Modules, a popular solution for writing component-scoped CSS. g instead of importing using `import ‘/. ci hs we ww go vn ro gt nw we